Genital Herpes: Fast Facts

Outbreak types

The severity of a first outbreak depends on whether or not you have been previously exposed to the herpes virus (Type 1 or 2). For that reason, first outbreaks are classified as either primary or non-primary outbreaks. Subsequent outbreaks are known as recurrent outbreaks.10

Primary outbreaks

People who experience a primary outbreak have never been exposed to either HSV-1 or HSV-2.10 For them, the outbreak may last longer and be more severe10 because their immune systems are fighting the virus for the very first time.1

Non-primary outbreaks

People who experience a non-primary outbreak have been exposed to either HSV-1 or HSV-2 at some time in the past,10 and their immune systems have already developed some protection against the virus.1 This gives them a head start in fighting the infection1 and may make their first outbreak less severe.10

Recurrent outbreaks

Generally, recurrent outbreaks are shorter-lived and less severe than first outbreaks, usually lasting about 7-10 days.10 They are also likely to become less frequent over time.11 Recurrent outbreaks may occur in another location near or away from the site of the first outbreak.2

Recurrent outbreaks typically occur in 6 stages: 4

To learn more about the signs and symptoms of genital herpes, click here



References
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  1. Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections; Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infections. 2008 Edition. Available at http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/sti-its/guide-lignesdir-eng.php. Accessed Sept. 27, 2010.
  2. Gupta R and Wald A. Genital Herpes: antiviral therapy for symptom relief and prevention of transmission. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006;7(6):665-675.
  3. Public Health Agency of Canada. Condoms, Sexually transmitted infections, Safer Sex and You. Available at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/epiu-aepi/std-mts/condom-eng.php. Accessed Aug. 16, 2010.
  4. Sacks SL. The Truth About Herpes. 4th ed. West Vancouver, BC: Gordon Soules Book Publishers Ltd.;1997.
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Fact Sheet - Genital Herpes. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes.htm. Accessed Aug. 16, 2010.
  6. Health Canada. It's Your Health: Genital Herpes. Available at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/alt_formats/pacrb-dgapcr/pdf/iyh-vsv/diseases-maladies/herpes-eng.pdf. Accessed Aug. 16, 2010.
  7. Whitley RJ, Kimberlin DW and Roizman B. Herpes Simplex Viruses. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1998;26:541-55.
  8. College of Family Physicians of Canada. Herpes - What it is and how to deal with it. Available at: Ask Your Family Doctor College of Family Physicians of Canada. Accessed Aug. 16, 2010.
  9. Public Health Agency of Canada. Genital Herpes: The Epidemiology and Control of a Common Sexually Transmitted Disease. Can J Human Sexuality 1997;6. Available at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cjhs/cjhs5-eng.php. Accessed Aug. 16, 2010.
  10. Cusini M and Ghislanzoni M. The importance of diagnosing genital herpes. J Antimicro Chemo 2001;47(Topic T1):9-16.
  11. The Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada. Sexually Transmitted Infections: What are they? Genital Herpes. Available at: http://www.sexualityandu.ca/teens/sti-1-3.aspx. Accessed Aug. 16, 2010.
  12. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Genital Herpes. Available at: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/genitalHerpes/understanding/Pages/symptoms.aspx. Accessed Aug. 16, 2010.
  13. Wald A, Zeh J, Selke S et al. Virologic Characteristics of Subclinical and Symptomatic Genital Herpes Infections. NEJM 1995;333(12):770-775.
  14. Wald A, Zeh J, Selke S et al. Genital Shedding of Herpes Simplex Virus among Men. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2002;186(Suppl 1):S34-S39.
  15. Lautenschlager S, Eichmann A. The heterogeneous clinical spectrum of genital herpes. Dermatology. 2001;202(3):211-9.